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异步校验工具 awaitility

news 2026/6/27 19:41:55

1.什么是awaitility ？

Awaitility 是一个用于 Java 的小型领域特定语言（DSL），主要用于简化和管理异步操作的同步问题。它的主要作用包括：

等待异步操作完成：在测试异步代码时，Awaitility 可以帮助你等待某个条件变为真，而不需要使用复杂的线程管理或轮询机制。
提高测试的可读性：通过使用流畅的 API，Awaitility 使得测试代码更易于阅读和理解。
减少测试中的线程问题：避免在测试中显式地使用Thread.sleep()，从而减少不必要的等待时间和线程问题。
灵活的超时和轮询间隔：允许你设置自定义的超时时间和轮询间隔，以便更好地控制等待条件的检查频率。

总之，Awaitility 使得在测试异步操作时更加简单和直观，特别是在需要等待某个条件满足的情况下。

2.代码工程

实验目的

一个使用 Awaitility 的简单示例，演示如何等待异步操作完成。假设我们有一个异步任务，该任务在后台线程中更新一个标志，我们希望在测试中等待这个标志变为true

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><parent><artifactId>Java-demo</artifactId><groupId>com.et</groupId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><artifactId>Awaitility</artifactId><properties><maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target></properties><dependencies><!-- Awaitility dependency --><dependency><groupId>org.awaitility</groupId><artifactId>awaitility</artifactId><version>4.2.0</version></dependency><!-- JUnit dependency for testing --><dependency><groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId><artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId><version>5.8.2</version><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies></project>

AwaitilityExample

异步任务：startAsyncTask方法启动一个异步任务，该任务在 5秒后将flag设置为true。
Awaitility 使用：在main方法中，我们使用 Awaitility 的await()方法来等待flag变为true。我们设置了一个最大等待时间为 5 秒。
条件检查：until(example::isFlag)表示我们等待example.isFlag()返回true。

ackage com.et;import org.awaitility.Awaitility;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;public class AwaitilityExample {private volatile boolean flag = false;public void startAsyncTask() {ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();executor.submit(() -> {try {// mock asyncThread.sleep(5000);flag = true;} catch (InterruptedException e) {Thread.currentThread().interrupt();}});executor.shutdown();}public boolean isFlag() {return flag;}public static void main(String[] args) {AwaitilityExample example = new AwaitilityExample();example.startAsyncTask();// use Awaitility to wait flag for trueAwaitility.await().atMost(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS).until(example::isFlag);System.out.println("Flag is now true!");}}

以上只是一些关键代码，所有代码请参见下面代码仓库

代码仓库

https://github.com/Harries/Java-demo(awaitility )

3.测试代码

3-1.默认等待时间

await().until(Callable conditionEvaluator) 最多等待 10s 直到 conditionEvaluator 满足条件，否则 ConditionTimeoutException。

public void testAsynchronousNormal() {AwaitilityExample example = new AwaitilityExample();example.startAsyncTask();try {// Default timeout is 10 seconds. If the condition is not met within this period, a ConditionTimeoutException is thrownAwaitility.await().until(new Callable<Boolean>() {@Overridepublic Boolean call() throws Exception {return example.isFlag();}});} catch (Exception e) {Assertions.fail("Run exception: " + e.getMessage() + ", error: " + e.getStackTrace()[0].toString());}}

3-2.最多等待

await().atMost() 设置最多等待时间，如果在这时间内条件还不满足，将抛出 ConditionTimeoutException。

@Testpublic void testAsynchronousAtMost() {AwaitilityExample example = new AwaitilityExample();example.startAsyncTask();try {// Specify a timeout of 3 seconds. If the condition is not met within this period, a ConditionTimeoutException is thrownAwaitility.await().atMost(3, SECONDS).until(new Callable<Boolean>() {@Overridepublic Boolean call() throws Exception {return example.isFlag();}});} catch (Exception e) {Assertions.fail("Run exception: " + e.getMessage() + ", error: " + e.getStackTrace()[0].toString());}}

3-3.至少等待

await().atLeast() 设置至少等待时间；多个条件时候用 and() 连接。

@Testpublic void testAsynchronousAtLeast() {AwaitilityExample example = new AwaitilityExample();example.startAsyncTask();try {// Specify at least 1 second and at most 3 seconds. If the condition is not met within this period, a ConditionTimeoutException is thrownAwaitility.await().atLeast(1, SECONDS).and().atMost(3, SECONDS).until(new Callable<Boolean>() {@Overridepublic Boolean call() throws Exception {return example.isFlag();}});} catch (Exception e) {Assertions.fail("Run exception: " + e.getMessage() + ", error: " + e.getStackTrace()[0].toString());}}

3-4.轮询

with().pollInterval(ONE_HUNDRED_MILLISECONDS).and().with().pollDelay(50, MILLISECONDS) that is conditions are checked after 50ms then 50ms+100ms。

@Testpublic void testAsynchronousPoll() {AwaitilityExample example = new AwaitilityExample();example.startAsyncTask();try {// Polling query, pollInterval specifies how often to poll, pollDelay specifies the delay between each pollAwaitility.with().pollInterval(ONE_HUNDRED_MILLISECONDS).and().with().pollDelay(50, MILLISECONDS).await("count is greater 3").until(new Callable<Boolean>() {@Overridepublic Boolean call() throws Exception {return example.isFlag();}});} catch (Exception e) {Assertions.fail("Run exception: " + e.getMessage() + ", error: " + e.getStackTrace()[0].toString());}}

3-5.Fibonacci 轮询

with().pollInterval(fibonacci(SECONDS)) 非线性轮询，按照 fibonacci 数轮询。

@Testpublic void testAsynchronousFibonacciPoll() {AwaitilityExample example = new AwaitilityExample();example.startAsyncTask();try {// Use Fibonacci numbers as the interval: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8,..., default unit is millisecondsAwaitility.with().pollInterval(fibonacci(SECONDS)).await("count is greater 3").until(new Callable<Boolean>() {@Overridepublic Boolean call() throws Exception {return example.isFlag();}});} catch (Exception e) {Assertions.fail("Run exception: " + e.getMessage() + ", error: " + e.getStackTrace()[0].toString());}}